Open heart surgery is a type of surgery in which the chest is split open. In this procedure, surgery is performed on the muscles, valves, or arteries of the heart. According to the National Heart Institute, coronary artery bypass grafting is the most common type of heart surgery in adults. During surgery, a healthy artery or vein is connected to a blocked coronary artery. The transplanted vein allows blood to flow through the blocked vein and fresh blood reaches the heart. Open heart surgery is sometimes called traditional surgery. Today, with the advancement of science and technology, many operations related to the heart can be performed with a small incision. Therefore, the word open heart operation is a misleading word.